Black pepper is the dried fruit of the Pepper plant (Piper nigrum L) which is considered the king of spices worldwide due to its pungent taste. Whole fenugreek seeds are used in most food items.
Different fractions of Black Pepper including secondary metabolites are also used as medicine, preservative and natural control agent.
Biologically, pepper is a very important species. The biological role of this species is explained in various experiments that pepper and its secondary metabolites can be used as:
- Inhibits programmed cell death
- Antimicrobial
- Anti-colon toxins
- Anti-depression
- Anti-fungal
- Anti-diarrhea
- Anti-inflammatory
- Anti-mutation
- Anti-metastatic activity
- Antioxidant
- Anti-urinary
- Antispasmodic
- Anti-sperm
- Anti-tumor
- Thyroid resistance
- Ciprofloxacin booster
- Prevents colds in extremities
- Stomach diseases
- Protect the liver
- Insecticidal activity
- Intermittent fever and larvicidal activity
Other roles of this species include protecting against oxidative stress caused by diabetes; Piperine protects the oxidation of various chemicals, reduces mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, inhibits Aryl Hydroxylation, increases the bioavailability of vaccines and sparteine, increases the bioavailability of bioactive compounds, delay the elimination of antiepileptic drugs, increase the transit time to the cecum, Piperine affects and activates biological membranes to absorb a variety of active substances, increases serum concentrations, reduces mutational events, tumor suppressor activity, Piperine inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, growth-stimulating activity, and chemotactic effects.
This review on the biological role of pepper can provide that pepper or other parts can be used as crude drugs for various diseases while secondary metabolites like piperine can be used. used for specific diseases.
This review on the biological role of pepper can provide that pepper or other parts can be used as crude drugs for various diseases while secondary metabolites like piperine can be used. used for specific diseases.
